Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by a computer-generated allocation schedule to receive either axillary lymph node dissection or axillary radiotherapy in case of a positive sentinel node, stratified by institution. Patients with T1-2 primary breast cancer and no palpable lymphadenopathy were enrolled in the randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS trial. We aimed to assess whether axillary radiotherapy provides comparable regional control with fewer side-effects.

Although axillary lymph node dissection provides excellent regional control, it is associated with harmful side-effects. Electronic address: treatment of the axilla is indicated in patients with breast cancer who have a positive sentinel node, axillary lymph node dissection is the present standard. 24 Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.23 Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.22 Division of Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.21 Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France.20 Department of Surgery, Haga Hospital, Den Haag, Netherlands.19 Department of Surgery, Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, UK.18 Department of Surgery, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.17 Department of Surgery, Kennemer Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands.

16 Department of Surgery, Medical Center Haaglanden, Westeinde, Den Haag, Netherlands.15 Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.14 Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands.13 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium.12 Department of Surgery, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, Netherlands.11 Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Netherlands.10 Department of Surgery, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, Netherlands.9 Department of Surgery, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, Netherlands.8 Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands.7 Institute for Radiation Oncology Arnhem, Arnhem, Netherlands.6 Breast Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.5 Department of Surgery, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.4 Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.1 Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

After effects 2014 trial